Widespread Labor Shortages Ahead for the U.S.

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widespread labor shortages Aging population will lead to a "buyers' market" for workers.

An aging population will lead to a “buyers’ market” for skilled workers.

For Now, Jobs Remain Scarce — But an Aging Population and the Recession’s Aftermath Are Poised to Create Widespread Labor Shortages and an Historic “Seller’s Market” for Skilled Workers

American workers have endured six years of depleted wealth, stagnant wages, and general insecurity.

But their fortunes are about to change, according to a surprising new study from The Conference Board.

From a Buyer’s Market to a Seller’s Market predicts unemployment in the United States — currently 6.7% and falling rapidly — will reach its “natural rate” of 5.5% by late-2015.

The decline will continue well past this benchmark; during the next 15 to 20 years, U.S. unemployment may even dip below 3.8%, the lowest rate recorded since the 1960s.

“While our conclusions may seem unlikely today, they rest on a simple fact: nearly all baby boomers will be out of the job market by 2030,” said Gad Levanon, director of macroeconomic research at The Conference Board and a co-author of the report.

“As working-age population expansion slows to a crawl, even modest job growth should steadily tighten the labor supply and force wages higher. In the short run, this will be good news for workers. But it could also become a major handicap on U.S. growth and competitiveness, which we must prepare for now.”

Among the report’s other findings on widespread labor shortages:

  • Most of the millions who left the active job market during the Great Recession are unlikely to return. Many are retired or disabled, while “skill erosion” has made others uncompetitive in the eyes of employers. Thus the official unemployment rate is a broadly accurate measure of slack in the labor market, not misleadingly low as many commentators argue.
  • Since 2009, unemployment decline has outpaced previous recoveries even as GDP growth lags behind. Meanwhile, wage growth, voluntary quit rate, and employers’ difficulty in filling positions are all trending up, suggesting the transition to labor shortages is underway.
  • As baby-boomer retirement mounts, wage pressure will form a growing constraint on corporate profits and, ultimately, economic growth. Seeking to increase productivity and reduce costs, companies may raise prices and move operations to cheaper areas.
  • Impacts will vary widely across industries. Those in which older workers are concentrated — and which attract few skilled immigrants — will be at highest risk of labor shortages. These include law enforcement, plant operations, and rail and water transport. Conversely, relatively high numbers of young and foreign entrants should mitigate the effects on high-growth science and technology fields.
  • Immigration and productivity are open factors in general — a surge above trend growth for either could offset much of the demographic pressure currently projected.

Future research from The Conference Board will investigate the impact of retiring baby boomers on specific occupations in great detail.

Source: The Conference Board

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